Astronauts Track a Red Light Near the Space Station
It lingered by the window, then vanished into darkness. The crew couldn’t identify it.
It lingered by the window, then vanished into darkness. The crew couldn’t identify it.
Astronauts spotted a bright red light near the space station. They thought it was a satellite, but couldn’t identify it and never saw it again.
A composite NASA Johnson Space Center document (JSC-08053, JSC-08478, JSC-08809) compiling excerpts from the technical crew debriefings of all three Skylab missions: Skylab 2 (June 30, 1973), Skylab 3 (October 4, 1973), and Skylab 4 (February 22, 1974). The Skylab 2 excerpt records crew discussion of recurring light flashes seen with eyes closed, possibly correlated with the South Atlantic Anomaly. The Skylab 3 excerpt details an unidentified bright reddish object/satellite tracked through the wardroom window for ~10 minutes about a week before splashdown, in an orbit very close to Skylab’s but never re-acquired. The Skylab 4 excerpt notes flashing lights observed in motion relative to the station, presumed (but not confirmed) to be Skylab debris or other satellites.
Crew reported recurring visual light flashes (spots, sunbursts, streaks) seen most often with eyes closed at night, two to three per minute at peak. Flashes were possibly correlated with passages through the South Atlantic Anomaly. Some appeared as 'entrance' and 'exit' streaks suggestive of cosmic-ray particles traversing the eyeball.
Crew tracked a bright reddish object out the wardroom window for about 5–10 minutes. It was much brighter than Jupiter or any planet, had a reddish hue even well above the horizon, and varied in brightness with a ~10-second period (interpreted as rotation). It held position in the wardroom window with only ~10–20 degrees of relative drift, indicating an orbit very similar to Skylab’s. It entered Earth’s shadow about 5–7 seconds after Skylab did, from which the crew estimated it was no more than 30–50 nautical miles away. Identification was never provided to the crew, and the object was never re-acquired on subsequent orbits.
On two or three occasions the Skylab 4 crew saw lights flashing outside with definite motion relative to Skylab. They reported the sightings on dump tapes as they occurred. One or two appeared to be tumbling, attributed to oscillation of the light flashes. Crew presumed the objects were other pieces of Skylab or possibly other satellites, but offered no definitive identification.
"Unusual or Unexpected Visual Phenomenon. We saw light flashes. I think all of us saw them. I saw them most often when I was in the sack at night with my eyes closed but awake naturally. They tended to wax and wane in frequency. Someone asked me if that was in conjunction with the South Atlantic anomaly. It may have been. I didn't have the pad with me at that time and I don't know. They were numerous at times - two or three per minute."
Speaker: KERWIN
Why it matters: Skylab 2 primary description of crew light-flash phenomenon; explicit speculation about correlation with the South Atlantic Anomaly.
Page 2
"Some of them to me were a spot or sunbursts. Some were streaks. The streaks, in my case, were less frequent than the bursts. Most of them were in my peripheral visual field. Very few in the central visual field. I don't know why."
Speaker: CONRAD
Why it matters: Commander Conrad characterizing the morphology and visual field of the flashes.
Page 2
"I had a couple that I thought were cosmic particles. I saw an entrance streak and an exit streak."
Speaker: WEITZ
Why it matters: Crewman explicitly interprets the flashes as cosmic particles passing through the eye.
Page 3
"And you'd have to be careful that you weren't confusing that with the fire flash. Once you've seen a few of each, there is question of which is which. They're not an hallucination."
Speaker: KERWIN
Why it matters: Crew explicitly states the flashes are not hallucinations and could be confused with the fire-detector indicator.
Page 3
"We didn't feel it was operationally necessary for anybody to know about it right now."
Speaker: KERWIN
Why it matters: Indicates the flash phenomenon was not reported in real time to ground.
Page 3
Joseph Kerwin
Science Pilot, Skylab 2 · NASA · Page 2
Charles "Pete" Conrad
Commander, Skylab 2 · NASA · Page 2
Paul Weitz
Pilot, Skylab 2 · NASA · Page 2
Alan Bean
Commander, Skylab 3 · NASA · Page 5
Owen Garriott
Science Pilot, Skylab 3 · NASA · Page 5
Jack Lousma
Pilot, Skylab 3 · NASA · Page 5
Gerald P. Carr
Commander, Skylab 4 · NASA · Page 10
Edward Gibson
Science Pilot, Skylab 4 · NASA · Page 11
William Pogue
Pilot, Skylab 4 · NASA · Page 11
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, USA
Page 1
Houston, Texas, USA
Page 1
South Atlantic Anomaly
Page 2
Skylab
spacecraft · Page 1
Command Module (RCS)
Composite document concatenating excerpts from three separate JSC technical crew debriefings: JSC-08053 (Skylab 2, dated June 30, 1973, pages 23-20/21 in source), JSC-08478 (Skylab 3, dated October 4, 1973, pages 7-4/5 and 20-1/2 in source), and JSC-08809 (Skylab 4, dated February 22, 1974, pages 1-8/9 in source). Page numbers in this findings file refer to the OCR text’s page-marker numbering (1–11), not the original JSC page numbers. OCR ratio 1.0 (fully OCR’d, 11 pages); minor OCR artifacts present (e.g., 'SONRAD' for CONRAD, 'GIESON' for GIBSON, 'norminal' for nominal, 'om' for own, 'percise' for precise) — quotes preserved verbatim from OCR. Skylab missions are referred to in the document description as Skylab 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 (the official designation pairing with the unmanned workshop launch); commonly known as Skylab 2, 3, and 4.
They thought it was a satellite traveling along a path similar to the space station’s, but they couldn’t identify it.
They tried to examine it with instruments, but could see only a bright light.
No. They never saw the light again.
"For example, we saw that satellite about a week before splashdown. That was one of the most unusual things that we saw and I guess Jack noticed it looking out the window. This bright reddish object was out there and we tracked it for about 5 or 10 minutes. It was obviously a satellite in a very similar orbit to our om. It was rotating and had a period of almost exactly 10 seconds because you could see the brightness vary with that period."
Speaker: GARRIOTT
Why it matters: Skylab 3 crew’s primary description of the unidentified reddish co-orbital object.
Page 5
"What satellite it was and how it happened to end up in such a similar orbit, no one ever explained to us. And I would like to hear a few words from someone about that satellite."
Speaker: GARRIOTT
Why it matters: Document-flagged unresolved item: ground never identified the object for the crew.
Page 5
"You bet. We never saw it again. You'd think we would have seen it the next night or it would cycle by another time. Maybe it did and we weren't looking out the window."
Speaker: BEAN
Why it matters: Confirms the object was not re-acquired on subsequent orbits.
Page 6
"You might point out that it never did take the shape of an object but it was always brighter than any other star or planet in the night sky. It was much brighter."
Speaker: LOUSMA
Why it matters: Object never resolved into a shape; brightness exceeded that of any star or planet.
Page 6
"We tried monitors and everything on it but we could never make it into anything other than a bright light."
Speaker: BEAN
Why it matters: Onboard monitors/instruments could not resolve the object.
Page 6
"Jack first noticed this rather large red star out the wardroom window. Upon close examination, it was much brighter than Jupiter or any of the other planets. It had a reddish hue to it, even though it was well above the horizon."
Speaker: GARRIOTT
Why it matters: Detailed photometric description in the formal Visual Sightings (§20.0) section.
Page 7
"From the 5- to 10-second delay in it's disappearance we surmised that it was not more than 30 to 50 nautical miles from our location."
Speaker: GARRIOTT
Why it matters: Crew’s quantitative range estimate based on terminator-crossing delay.
Page 8
"We never saw it on any - earlier or succeeding orbits and we'd be quite interested in having its identification established. It's all debriefed in terms of time on channel A, so the percise timing and location can be picked up from there."
Speaker: GARRIOTT
Why it matters: Crew explicitly requests identification and points to Channel A audio for precise time/location data.
Page 8
"One other area of unusual events that we reported on the dump tapes was that on occasion we saw some lights flashing outside with very a definite motion relative to ours. We presumed that they were other pieces of Skylab, or possibly other satellites. We reported our two or three sightings of that kind as soon as they occurred. We have no special comments concerning them,"
Speaker: CARR
Why it matters: Skylab 4 commander’s description of multiple flashing-light sightings with relative motion.
Page 10
"but we did find it very interesting to be able to see other objects up there with us. The fact that one or two of them appeared to be tumbling was apparently due to the oscillation of the light flashes that we were getting from them."
Speaker: CARR
Why it matters: Notes apparent tumbling motion of some objects, attributed to oscillating light flashes.
Page 11
spacecraft · Page 8
Unidentified reddish satellite-like object
satellite · Page 5
Jack Lousma looked out the space station’s window and saw a large red light. Owen Garriott took a closer look. It was brighter than the planets in the sky.
The astronauts tracked it for about 10 minutes, until the station entered darkness. The light disappeared a few seconds later. They thought it was a satellite, but even after trying to investigate, they couldn’t determine what they had seen.
Garriott described the sighting during a debriefing about Skylab, the space station that served as a laboratory in space. Throughout the sighting, the light stayed in nearly the same spot in the window, though its position shifted slightly.
It flickered, changing brightness roughly once every 10 seconds. Even when the station was above the horizon, the light looked red. As the station approached sunset and entered darkness, the light remained visible for about five more seconds, then disappeared.
The crew thought the light was a satellite traveling along a path similar to the space station’s. An orbit is the path an object follows around Earth. The light stayed nearly fixed in the window, and the crew noted that it looked like a point of light, not an object with a distinct shape.
They tried to examine it with instruments, but could see only a bright light. Garriott said the crew didn’t know which satellite they had seen, and no one explained how it had reached an orbit so similar to the station’s. Lousma added that the light was brighter than any star or planet in the night sky.
The crew never saw the light again. The astronauts thought it might appear the following night, but didn’t know whether it had passed by again while they weren’t looking out the window.
The crew thought the object was a satellite, but couldn’t identify it. The debriefing offered no further explanation of its identity or appearance.
The space station’s window framed a red point of light. It stayed nearly in place, then disappeared into darkness.