Radio Reports Prompted the Army to Investigate Flying Saucers
In 1949, the U.S. Army set out to determine what was behind reports of flying saucers.
In 1949, the U.S. Army set out to determine what was behind reports of flying saucers.
After radio reports of flying saucers, the U.S. Army investigated whether a foreign country was involved. Later, it asked investigators to check the accuracy of a radio broadcaster’s statements.
A 1949 file of internal U.S. Army Plans & Operations Division (P&O, GSUSA) routing slips and memoranda for record surrounding an Intelligence Division (ID) 'Evaluation Study of the Phenomenon (Flying Saucers).' Prompted by a series of February 1949 CM IN radio reports, P&O asked ID on 24 March 1949 to determine whether the sightings stemmed from natural phenomena or the activity of a foreign power; ID forwarded its evaluation in March 1949. The study concluded there was no foreign-nation implication and no evidence the objects were secret U.S. projects, attributing most sightings to weather balloons, research equipment, meteors, and in one case the planet Venus. The file also documents P&O asking ID to verify the accuracy of a 3 April 1949 Walter Winchell radio broadcast claiming the saucers were Russian guided missiles, and includes attached daily news/wire-service bulletins.
Detailed investigations of all reported incidents involving unusual flying objects, conducted by a special project group at Air Materiel Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, with assistance from RAND Corporation. The majority of sightings were explained as misidentification of synoptic weather balloons, cosmic-ray research equipment, balloons, and meteors; one was the daylight observation of the planet Venus. Only two reported incidents were determined to have been hoaxes.
"to date there has been no tangible evidence which would support a theory that any incidents are attributable to activity of a foreign nation. There are no highly secret experimental Projects of the U.S. Government that could be responsible."
Why it matters: Core official conclusion of the evaluation study ruling out a foreign-power or secret-U.S.-project explanation.
Page 11
"in one instance, the daylight observation of the planet Venus. Only two reported incidents were determined to have been hoax."
Why it matters: Specifies the prosaic explanations for the sightings, including a Venus misidentification.
Page 11
"This study intimated that of all cases investigated there was no foreign nation implication in these flying saucers."
Why it matters: Memorandum-for-record restatement of the study's bottom-line finding.
Page 13
"The 'flying saucers' never explained by any authority, are now definitely known to have been guided missiles shot all the way from Russia."
Speaker: Walter Winchell (ABC broadcast, 3 Apr 49)
Why it matters: Public broadcast claim that directly contradicts the Army's classified evaluation, prompting P&O to ask ID to verify its accuracy.
Page 25
Lt Col Peisinger
Executive Branch officer · P&O, GSUSA · Page 8
Lt Col Dawley
Asst Dep Dir P&O (AE) / D, P&O · P&O, GSUSA · Page 8
Col Goodell
officer, NA Branch · P&O, GSUSA · Page 8
Lt Col Ryan
officer, PID · Public Information Division · Page 8
Col Ligon
Intelligence Group officer · Intelligence Division (ID) · Page 4
Mr. Stites
ID point of contact · Intelligence Division (ID) · Page 13
Maj J. S. Byrne
Executive Branch officer · P&O, GSUSA · Page 15
Lt Col Clark
Executive, NA Branch · P&O, GSUSA · Page 15
Walter Winchell
radio broadcaster (ABC) · Page 13
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA
Page 11
Plans & Operations Division, General Staff U.S. Army (P&O, GSUSA)
U.S. Army · Page 3
Intelligence Division (ID)
U.S. Army · Page 4
Air Materiel Command (special project group), Wright-Patterson AFB
USAF · Page 11
Public Information Division (PID)
Cover sheet largely illegible; an 'Authority:' field is present
Likely reason: Poor scan / OCR; possible declassification authority stamp
OCR quality is very poor on the routing slips and on the substantive study pages (e.g. p.11, p.16), but the typed memoranda for record (p.8, p.13, p.15) and bulletin pages are legible. Key dates per the memos: P&O requested evaluation 24 Mar 1949; ID forwarded evaluation ~7/22 Mar 1949; verification of Winchell's 3 Apr 1949 broadcast handled early-mid April 1949. The 'Evaluation Study of Phenomenon (Flying Saucers)' itself is referenced as Inclosure 1 but its full text is mostly illegible in this scan. Date '1845' on p.11 is an OCR error for a 1947/1948 start of the investigation period.
Whether the reports of flying saucers stemmed from natural phenomena or activity by a foreign country.
No. It does not describe the objects in each case or determine what caused them.
Department of the Army · Page 20
In February 1949, the U.S. Army received several radio reports of flying saucers and began investigating. It wanted to know whether the reports described natural phenomena or activity by a foreign country.
The Army was looking beyond what people said they had heard or seen. It wanted to know whether another country was behind the reports. A few weeks later, it had an assessment. Then remarks by a familiar radio broadcaster prompted a new request.
In February, an Army division responsible for planning and operations contacted the intelligence division, which was examining the reports. It asked the intelligence division to assess the flying-saucer phenomenon and determine whether the reports could be linked to activity by a foreign country.
In March, the intelligence division sent its assessment to the Army. According to an Army summary from April, the investigation found no foreign involvement in the cases examined. That answered the question the Army had posed. The document does not say what the people who reported the incidents saw or what caused any of them.
In April, the Army turned its attention to flying saucers again, this time after a broadcast by Walter Winchell. Winchell discussed them on air, and the Army asked the intelligence division to check whether his statements were accurate.
The document records the request to review the broadcast but does not specify what Winchell said. Nor does it give the intelligence division’s response. The record therefore does not show whether the broadcast changed the Army’s assessment.
The document does not describe what the flying saucers looked like in any of the cases or what caused them. It offers no specific natural explanation, either; it records only the investigation and its conclusion about foreign involvement.
The reports came in over the radio. What exactly people saw remains unknown.