French Pilots Reported Strange Encounters. Experts Investigated
Accounts from former pilots prompted a French group to examine the reports and warn of practical challenges for pilots.
Accounts from former pilots prompted a French group to examine the reports and warn of practical challenges for pilots.
Former pilots described encounters with things they couldn’t identify. A French group reviewed the accounts and warned that the reports raised practical challenges for pilots.
An English-language translation of the COMETA Report ('UFOs and Defense: What Should We Prepare For?'), a 1999 independent French study on UFOs by COMETA (Comité d'Etudes Approfondies / Committee for In-Depth Studies), an association of former senior auditors of the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Défense Nationale (IHEDN) and qualified experts. The 90-page report (originally published in the French magazine VSD in July 1999) reviews remarkable French and foreign UFO/UAP cases, the work of GEPAN/SEPRA at CNES, hypotheses (including the extraterrestrial hypothesis as 'by far the best scientific hypothesis'), and lays out strategic, aeronautical, scientific, political/religious, and media implications, ending with concrete recommendations to French and European authorities. The PDF in this corpus is preceded by an April 30, 2001 cover letter from Carol Rosin (former spokesperson for Wernher von Braun) to 'Dan' [Goldin] and includes appended press articles by Leslie Kean (2000-2001).
Mirage IV crew encountered a 'very bright glow' at 3 o'clock at altitude 9600 m, Mach 0.9; the object came on a collision course, repeatedly maneuvered to position behind the aircraft; pilot performed 6.5g evasive turn; ground radar (Contrexéville) had no contact; no sonic boom detected despite supersonic apparent speeds.
Student pilot in T-33 saw what he first thought was a green signaling flare; in 1-2 seconds it exceeded his altitude by 1500 m, then dove on collision course and enveloped the aircraft in phosphorescent green light; sphere (S) avoided the aircraft at last moment, passed over right wing.
Air France AF 3532 crew (Capt. Duboc, copilot Chauffour, chief steward) saw a craft estimated at 250 m length at 10,500 m altitude, distance ~50 km, that changed shape from brown bell to chestnut brown lens then disappeared instantaneously. CODA (Taverny Air Defense Operations Center) recorded a corresponding 50-second radar track via Cinq-Mars-la-Pile that crossed AF 3532's trajectory and matched no flight plan.
Multiple radar and visual UFO encounters: an object passing over Bentwaters at 2000-4000 mph east-to-west with no sonic boom; a stationary object 40 km SW of base going from immobile to 600-950 km/h instantly, performing right-angle line segments separated by 3-6 minute stops. RAF Venom night fighter dispatched; pilot 'locked on' but UFO maneuvered behind him and held formation through evasion attempts; UFO disappeared north at 0330 hours.
RB-47 ELINT bomber tracked by visual, onboard radar, ground radar (Utah, near Dallas), and pulsed microwave detection (3000 MHz, 2 microsecond pulses). Object kept constant 18 km separation, mirrored speed changes, simultaneously disappeared from all three detection means at 1050Z, then reappeared. Multiple visual sightings of red light below aircraft. CIRVIS report prepared.
Strange immobile luminous rectangular/cylindrical object with pulsing bluish-white ends and rotating red center. Two F-4 Phantoms scrambled; first lost flight instruments and comms at 45 km, aborted; second tracked UFO via radar (echo size of Boeing 707), maintained 45 km. A bright object exited UFO toward F-4; pilot's Sidewinder fire control and comms failed; F-4 evaded. A second exiting object descended and apparently landed gently with bright illumination over 2-3 km area. Civilian aircraft also lost comms when crossing zone.
Disk 100-200 meters in diameter with two pulsating side lights; rotated on axis, performed S-turns vertically and horizontally, hovered then accelerated to 2-3x modern fighter speed; flew at 100-7000 m altitudes silently, devoid of inertia. Combat aircraft dispatched; Aviation General Maltsev summarized 100+ visual sightings.
Aerolineas Argentinas Boeing 727 flight AR 674 (Buenos Aires-Bariloche) approach disrupted by power outage; on second approach, object with three lights including red center appeared on right side, parallel to aircraft; runway lights failed; another aircraft on standby observed same. Object moved behind aircraft, stopped, ascended vertically, stopped again, moved in front, departed toward Andes Cordillera.
At 1700 hours, several hundred witnesses saw a 'large green ball' moving at high speed over Antananarivo; it disappeared behind hill, reappeared as 'metal rugby ball preceded by a clearly detached green lens-shaped portion with sparks issuing from the rear'; ~40 m long; flew over town at 50-100 m altitude; shop lights went out; animals (zebu, herds 150 km away) panicked. Estimated speed ~3000 km/h between sightings.
Lt-Col. Jean-Pierre Fartek (Mirage III pilot) and his wife observed object 20 m diameter x 7 m thick hovering ~3 m above ground in front of grove of trees, ~250 m away. Two superposed saucers, metallic gray top, bluish dark bottom; oscillating slightly; left horizontally at very low altitude silently and rapidly with no trail.
Multiple military witnesses (Lt. Klimenko, two corporals, two soldiers, 2nd Lt. Volochine, soldier Tichaev) reported up to three UFOs simultaneously between 2215-2355 and 2330-0130 hrs. Disk 4-5 m with bright hemispherical dome; abrupt silent moves; hovered 20-60 m above ground; emitted phosphorescent green beam onto missile depot for several seconds. Fighter jet attempted approach; UFO escaped at lightning speed.
Maurice Masse, lavender farmer, ~6:00 a.m. heard hissing, saw object shaped like Dauphine automobile on six legs with central pivot, ~90 m away in field. Approached to ~10 m; saw two small beings; one pointed a tube at him from a hip bag; he was paralyzed/numbed but conscious for ~15 minutes; object lifted with heavy noise, legs and central tube retracted, ascended vertically then disappeared faster than a jet.
Two children watching family herd saw four small black beings (height <1.20 m) on opposite side of road; bright sphere behind them; one being held mirror-like object that blinded children. Beings rose and dove headfirst into sphere from top; sphere took off with hissing sound, spiraled into sky. Strong sulfur odor; dog barked, cows mooed. Reconstructed second inquiry 1978 confirmed details with secondary witnesses.
Man building water-pump shed in garden saw silent ovoid metal object descend and land on earth platform below his house, rest a few seconds, then take off rapidly into azure sky. Left visible mechanical tracks and crown-shaped imprints. INRA expert Prof. Michel Bounias analyzed plant samples, finding altered chlorophyll and amino acid concentrations decreasing with distance from track center; effects disappeared after 2 years. Likely cause: powerful pulsed electromagnetic field in microwave range.
Cellular biology researcher in his garden ~12:35 a.m. saw oval craft 1m diameter x 80cm thick descend and hover ~1 m above ground for 20 minutes (he checked his watch). Bottom polished beryllium, upper blue-green like inner depths of lagoon. No noise/heat/cold/radiation. Departed straight up rapidly as if under suction. Grass stood up at departure. Amaranth bush leaves dried up indicating intense electrical fields.
Roswell base (housing only nuclear-armed bombers in world) provided radio with information that flying disk had crashed on ranch and military recovered debris. Same afternoon, Gen. Ramey at Fort Worth substituted weather balloon debris for press photos. Lt. Col. Marcel (1978) declared debris was extraterrestrial; Gen. DuBose (1991 affidavit) confirmed substitution. Witnesses describe ultralight ultraresistant material that springs back from crumpling. Some claim space glider frame and small humanoid cadavers were also recovered.
Pilot Kenneth Arnold sighting of nine UFOs; news broadcast worldwide.
850 different sightings recorded across the U.S. between May and July 1947.
RAF Mosquito night fighter tried in vain to intercept a very rapid object detected by radars over the North Sea.
Many witnesses sighted generally fusiform objects flying in Swedish skies; ~1000 'ghost rockets' detected; worried Scandinavian, British, and U.S. military authorities. Initially believed to be Soviet tests with German technology - hypothesis since ruled out. No debris officially found.
Numerous aviators sighted swarms of red/green luminous balls or groups of small metal disks ('foo fighters', 'Kraut fireballs') following or surrounding aircraft. Allies thought German secret weapon; Germans thought U.S. secret weapon. Files reportedly classified until at least 1949.
Tens of thousands of witnesses sighted flying machines resembling modern dirigibles ('airships') 20 years before such craft were produced; powerful searchlights, occasionally engine sounds, propeller-like features. US wave 1896-1897.
Large number of brightly colored spheres, disks, and 'cigars' seemed to wage a battle in the sky.
Spectacle of similar kind to Nuremberg 1561.
Goethe and two other witnesses saw a large luminous tube on the ground surrounded by a multitude of small bright moving flames.
Overflight of missile bases; FOIA-released documents revealed extent of USAF/CIA UFO interest.
Japan Airlines 747 Capt. Kenju Terauchi reported prolonged encounter; 'two space ships stopped in front of our face, shooting off lights'; cockpit shined brightly. Terauchi grounded for speaking out despite FAA finding crew stable.
TWA Capt. Phil Schultz saw 'large, round, silver metal object' with dark portholes equally spaced; descended into atmosphere from above. Schultz and first officer braced for collision; object made high-speed turn and departed.
Swissair Boeing 747 just missed a glowing white cylindrical object speeding toward the plane; pilot Philip Bobet stated 'if the object was any lower, it may have hit the right wing.'
Hundreds of people across Arizona reported seeing huge triangular objects hovering silently in the night sky. Sen. John McCain noted it has 'never been fully explained.'
Four policemen at different locations witnessed huge brightly lighted triangular craft flying and hovering at 1000 feet; one officer reported extreme rapid motion not explained in conventional terms. Nearby Scott AFB and FAA reported knowing nothing.
Airport in southern Siberia shut down for 90 minutes when luminescent UFO detected hovering over runway. Crew of Il-76 cargo aircraft refused to take off; another cargo plane diverted. UFO took off and vanished after 90 minutes.
Auto mechanic saw enormous red ball cross the road and roll into field. Gendarmes sealed off freeway; CNES initially queried about Cosmos 1900 satellite re-entry; sphere ~1.50 m with small mirrors found - turned out to be polystyrene decoration sphere fallen from truck en route to Jean-Michel Jarre concert in London. Counterexample of explained case.
Bluish-purplish luminous mass ~15 m oval; lit village square brightly enough to extinguish public lighting; preceded vehicle on road; restaurateur, motorists, fish farmer testified independently. Counterexample - explained: 30-year-old 10kV power line corrosion caused arc effect; line had melted; killed catfish in tank. Confirmed by EDF.
"As you know, I was spokesperson for von Braun during the last years of his life. He had me commit to finding the path to open the doors to space ... with his full and unlimited vision. I think I've found a way to do it."
Speaker: Carol Rosin
Why it matters: Cover letter establishing Rosin's connection to von Braun and her motivations; documents the chain of custody by which the COMETA Report came to NASA.
Page 2
"Stripping the UFO phenomenon of its irrational layer"
Speaker: André Lebeau (Foreword)
Why it matters: Title/thesis of the foreword by former CNES chairman; encapsulates COMETA's framing of UFOs as a legitimate scientific subject.
Page 7
"Concrete problems are raised that call for a response in terms of action"
Speaker: General Bernard Norlain
Why it matters: Norlain's preface establishes COMETA's policy-action orientation, not academic detachment.
Page 10
"The accumulation of well-documented sightings made by credible witnesses forces us to consider from now on all of the hypotheses regarding the origin of unidentified flying objects, or UFOs, and the extraterrestrial hypothesis, in particular."
Speaker: Air Force General Denis Letty
Why it matters: Letty (COMETA chair) explicitly admits the ETH as one hypothesis demanding consideration.
Page 11
"taking into consideration the high credibility of information and cohesiveness and continuity of account, combined with a high degree of 'strangeness', it is also certainly one of the most disturbing UFO incidents known today."
Speaker: Gordon Thayer (quoted re Lakenheath)
Why it matters: Condon Commission radar expert's verdict on the Lakenheath case quoted in support.
Page 17
"An outstanding report. This case is a classic which meets all the criteria necessary for a valid study of the UFO phenomenon."
Carol Rosin
Former spokesperson for Wernher von Braun; founder of the Institute for Security and Cooperation in Outer Space; author of cover letter to 'Dan' · Page 2
Jon Cypher
Actor, husband of Carol Rosin · Page 2
Andre Lebeau
Former chairman of CNES (French National Center for Space Studies); foreword author · CNES · Page 7
Bernard Norlain
General, Former director of IHEDN; former commander of French Tactical Air Force · IHEDN / French Air Force · Page 10
Denis Letty
Air Force General (2nd Section), AA(35); chairman of COMETA · COMETA / French Air Force · Page 11
Jean-Jacques Velasco
Head of SEPRA at CNES · CNES/SEPRA · Page 11
Francois Louange
Chief Executive Officer of Fleximage · Fleximage · Page 11
Jean-Charles Duboc
Captain of Air France flight AF 3532 (Jan 28, 1994); civilian pilot witness · Page 11
Jean-Pierre Fartek
Former Air Force Lt-Colonel, Mirage III pilot; witness · Page 11
Hervé Giraud
Mirage IV pilot; witness March 7, 1977 · Page 11
Edmond Campagnac
Former technical director of Air France at Antananarivo; witness · Page 11
Michel Perrier
Squadron Commander, Gendarmerie Nationale · Page 11
Joseph Domange
Air Force General; AA delegate general · Page 11
Michel Algrin
State Doctor of Political Science, attorney-at-law, AA(35) · Page 11
T-33 pilot March 3, 1976 case: 'P, who was very shocked by this phenomenon, informed the radar controller (-) ensuring the control of the mission on the ground'
Likely reason: Likely OCR artifact rather than redaction - missing controller name/identifier
Dombes 1979 case: 'all the fish in one of his fish (-------) tanks, catfishes, were found dead'
Likely reason: Likely OCR/scanning artifact rather than intentional redaction
Reference to Blue Book Project years 1947-1969: 'Between 1947 and 1969, that is(-) during the time of the U.S. Air Force Blue Book Project'
Likely reason: OCR artifact
Engine immobilization paragraph: 'Since electronic ignition came into widespread use in the 70s ... no beams of light appear to be associated with these engine, immobilizations'
Likely reason: OCR artifact (formatting/punctuation drop)
Section on technology prognosis: 'It would therefore be presumptuous to claim to foresee, based on our current knowledge and accomplishments what might be technologies (-----) only slightly more advanced than our own'
Likely reason: OCR artifact
Gendarmerie cooperation: 'Supplemental information and training, [end of line cut off] direction of officers and lower-level gendarmes'
Likely reason: Page bottom cut off in scanning, not a security redaction
375 KB scanned PDF (94 pages, OCR ratio 1.0; embedded text pages = 0). OCR quality variable - many obvious character errors (e.g., 'fl', '|', stray brackets, marginal noise). The actual COMETA Report text proper begins on PDF page 7 and runs through page ~83; pages 1-4 are a 2001 cover letter from Carol Rosin to NASA addressee 'Dan' (almost certainly NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin); pages 87-94 are appended journalism articles by Leslie Kean (Irish Independent June 17 2000, Providence Journal May 3 2001, Christian Science Monitor-style article) plus NARCAP organizational material and a Barnaul Siberia AFP wire story (Jan 27 2001). Page numbers in this analysis refer to PDF page markers '--- page N ---' as found in the OCR output, not the printed COMETA report's internal pagination (which differs by 4-6 pages). The most policy/content-rich pages are 50-67 (Part 3 - Defense, Strategic Planning, Recommendations) and 72-75 (Roswell Appendix with disinformation analysis). Confidence kept at 0.78 due to OCR noise affecting some details (witness names, dates, technical specs occasionally garbled), but core content/structure/quotes are clearly recoverable. Many cross-references to other documents likely in this corpus: Project Blue Book files, Condon Report material, FBI documents, Roswell-related DoD/USAF releases. The Carol Rosin connection may link to other corpus entries about von Braun or her ISCOS organization. This is one of the most cited foreign-government UFO reports of the 20th century - high cross-reference value.
No. It presented possibilities but did not determine the origin of the reported objects.
The need to assess a pilot’s report of something they cannot identify and decide what to do.
Speaker: DIA assessment of Tehran 1976
Why it matters: DIA's own internal verdict on Tehran F-4 incident, obtained via FOIA and quoted by COMETA.
Page 19
"According to the evidence of these eyewitnesses, the UFO is a disk with a diameter from 100 to 200 meters [320 to 650 feets]. Two pulsating lights were positioned on its sides... Moreover, the object rotated around its axis and performed an 'S-turn' flight both in the vertical and horizontal planes. Next the UFO hovered above the ground and then flew with a speed exceeding that of the modern jet fighter by two or three times .. The objects flew at altitudes ranging from 100 to 7000 m. [300 to 24,000 feet]. The movement of the UFOs was not accompanied by sound of any kind and was distinguished by its startling maneuverability. It seemed the UFOs were completely devoid of inertia. In other words, they had somehow 'come to terms' with gravity. At the present time, terrestrial machines could hardly have such capabilities."
Speaker: Aviation General Igor Maltsev (Soviet Air Defense Forces commander)
Why it matters: Direct Soviet military acknowledgment of UFO physics anomalies (no inertia, no sound, supersonic without boom).
Page 20
"1. The phenomenon reported is something real, and not visionary or fictitious. 2. Disk-shaped objects the size of which is comparable to that of our aircraft do exist. 3. It is possible that some sightings correspond to natural phenomena. 4. The very high rate-of-climb observed, the maneuverability, and the escape maneuvers when the disks are detected lead one to assume that they are piloted or operated by remote control. 5. Most witnesses describe objects with a metal surface that are circular or elliptical in shape, the upper portion of which is dome shaped, flying without making any noise in a formation of three to nine objects..."
Speaker: General Twining (1947 report on flying disks, paraphrased)
Why it matters: Foundational 1947 USAF assessment treated by COMETA as a still-valid baseline.
Page 35
"One strong conclusion emerges from this set of facts: some UAP Ds do seem to be completely unknown flying machines with exceptional performances that are guided by a natural or artificial intelligence."
Speaker: COMETA
Why it matters: Core finding of Part 2 - shifts from 'unidentified' to 'intelligently guided unknowns.'
Page 37
"If the Americans were able on that occasion or on other occasions to collect at least debris or entire wreckage of extraterrestrial vessels in fairly good condition, and even cadavers of humanoids, a certain type of contact would then have been established."
Speaker: COMETA (Chapter 10.4)
Why it matters: Speculative but notable inclusion - retired French generals openly entertaining U.S. material recovery and humanoid cadavers.
Page 52
"the United States wants to maintain at any cost military technological superiority over rival countries and, perhaps, a preferential contact."
Speaker: COMETA
Why it matters: COMETA's strategic interpretation of U.S. UFO secrecy: technological monopoly as motive.
Page 53
"how can we conceive of harmonious political and military relations among allies, and particularly within NATO, which normally must be founded on basic trust, if access to information of incalculable importance - particularly technological information - is not shared?"
Speaker: COMETA (Chapter 10.5)
Why it matters: Direct French challenge to U.S. UFO information-sharing within NATO.
Page 53
"A single hypothesis sufficiently takes into account the facts and, for the most part, only calls for present-day science. It is the hypothesis of extraterrestrial visitors. ... The extraterrestrial hypothesis is by far, the best scientific hypothesis. It certainly has not been categorically proven, but strong presumptions exist in its favor and if it is correct, it is loaded with significant consequences."
Speaker: COMETA (Conclusions)
Why it matters: The headline conclusion of the report - retired generals officially endorsing the ETH as 'best scientific hypothesis'.
Page 67
"All of the base's administrative documents for the March 1945-December 1949 period were destroyed, and all radio messages sent by the base from October 1946 to February 1949 were destroyed. The destruction report does not mention when, by whom, and on whose orders this destruction was carried out."
Speaker: GAO Report (July 1995, page 2)
Why it matters: GAO documenting unaccounted destruction of all relevant Roswell-era records.
Page 73
"You now face a new world, a world of change. The thrust into outer space... marks a beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind... We deal now, not with things of this world alone, but with the illimitable distances and as yet unfathomed mysteries of the universe... of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister force of some other planetary galaxy."
Speaker: General Douglas MacArthur (West Point address, 1962)
Why it matters: Often-cited MacArthur 'galactic conflict' quote presented in original context.
Page 79
"In our obsession with the antagonisms of the moment, we often forget how much unites all the members of humanity. Perhaps we need some outside, universal threat to make us recognize this common bond. I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world."
Speaker: President Ronald Reagan (UN General Assembly, Sept 21, 1987)
Why it matters: Reagan UN address quote about alien threat unifying humanity.
Page 79
"If we persist in refusing to recognize the existence of the UFOs, we will end up, one fine day, by mistaking them for the guided missiles of an enemy - and the worst will be upon us."
Speaker: General L.M. Chassin (NATO Coordinator of Allied Air Service, cited in 1960 Cong. Record by Rep. Wolf)
Why it matters: Cold War nuclear-misidentification warning incorporated into 1971 US-USSR Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Outbreak of Nuclear War.
Page 89
"It's significant that individuals of some standing in the government, military and intelligence community in France came forth with this."
Speaker: Edgar Mitchell (Apollo 14 astronaut)
Why it matters: Mitchell endorsing COMETA's significance; attached Leslie Kean article.
Page 89
"The only threat to the national security of the United States is the continued denial of undeniable physical UFO occurrences and sightings to a public growing increasingly frustrated with its government's weak explanations."
Speaker: Cmdr. Willard H. Miller (USNR)
Why it matters: Naval reserve officer in attached article reframes the security threat as the cover-up itself.
Page 89
"stripping the UFO phenomenon of its aura of mystery"
Speaker: Robertson Committee (CIA, December 1952)
Why it matters: Cited as origin point of CIA disinformation policy and ufological infiltration program.
Page 74
"The fact that radar and ground visual observations were made on its rapid acceleration and abrupt stop certainly lend credence to the report."
Speaker: Lakenheath regulation telex (1956)
Why it matters: Original USAF telex assessment of Lakenheath events, contemporaneous with the incident.
Page 16
Pierre Bescond
Weapons Engineer General, 2nd Section, AA(48) · Page 11
Denis Blancher
Chief of Police, Police Nationale, Ministry of the Interior · Page 11
Jean Dunglas
Doctor of Engineering (Ret.), Water and Forestry Management AR(48) · Page 11
Bruno Le Moine
Air Force General, 2nd Section, AA(41) · Page 11
Francoise Lépine
Foundation for Defense Studies, AA(33) · Page 11
Christian Marchal
Chief Mining Engineer, Research Director at ONERA · Page 11
Marc Merlo
Admiral, 2nd Section, AA(35) · Page 11
Alain Orszag
Doctor of Physical Sciences, Weapons Engineer General, 2nd Section · Page 11
Valérie Chauffour
Co-pilot of Air France AF 3532 · Page 14
Claude Bosc
Colonel; T-33 student pilot witness March 3, 1976 · Page 14
General Blanchard
Chair of 1976 IHEDN UFO committee, Gendarmerie Nationale · Page 12
Maurice Masse
Witness at Valensole (July 1, 1965) · Page 23
Hossain Perouzi
Tehran airport control tower night shift supervisor · Page 19
General Youssefi
Third in command of Iranian Imperial Air Force · Page 19
Igor Maltsev
Soviet Aviation General, Air Defense Forces commander · Page 20
Lt. Klimenko
Soviet Lieutenant; Kapustin Yar witness July 28-29, 1989 · Page 22
Second Lieutenant Volochine
Soviet officer; Kapustin Yar witness · Page 22
Captain MacClure
RB-47 ELINT officer, July 17, 1957 incident · Page 17
Commander Chase
RB-47 pilot, July 17, 1957 · Page 17
Captain MacCoyd
RB-47 copilot, July 17, 1957 · Page 17
Captain Provenzano
RB-47 ELINT officer · Page 17
Brad Sparks
Aerospace technology researcher; 1997 RB-47 reinvestigation · Page 17
James MacDonald
Atmospheric physicist; Lakenheath/RB-47 case investigator · Page 16
Gordon D. Thayer
Radar expert on Condon Commission · Page 16
Philip J. Klass
Editor of Aviation Week and Space Technology; debunker · Page 16
J. Allen Hynek
Astronomer, USAF consultant; originator of Close Encounters classification · Page 33
Edward U. Condon
Physicist; signed UFO report for U.S. Air Force (Condon Report) · Page 44
Hubert Curien
Chair of GEPAN's scientific council · Page 28
Claude Poher
First head of GEPAN · Page 33
Michel Bounias
Professor at INRA ecology and plant toxicology lab; Trans-en-Provence sample analyst · Page 26
Jean-Baptiste Biot
Physicist; 1803 meteorite investigation at Laigle · Page 33
General Twining
Head of Air Material Command (1947); 'flying disks' report author · Page 35
Marie Galbraith
Author of 'Unidentified Flying Objects Briefing Document'; wife of Evan Griffith Galbraith (former U.S. ambassador to France 1981-1985) · Page 47
Laurance Rockefeller
Philanthropist; financial supporter of Galbraith book and 1997 Pocantico colloquium · Page 47
Peter A. Sturrock
Astrophysicist; moderator of Pocantico colloquium; American Astronomical Society UFO survey · Page 48
Philip J. Corso
Colonel (Ret.); author of 'The Day After Roswell' (1997); 1953-1957 NSC staff · Page 48
Strom Thurmond
Senator; chairman of Senate Armed Services Committee; foreward author for Corso's book · Page 48
President Eisenhower
U.S. President; in contact with Corso · Page 48
Nick Pope
Head of UK MOD UFO study unit Sec(AS)2a 1991-1994; author 'Open Skies, Closed Minds' · Page 49
Ralph Noyes
MOD UFO unit head 1969-1972; later Undersecretary of State for Defence · Page 49
Lord Hill-Norton
Admiral of the Fleet; Chief of Defence Staff 1971-1973; foreward author for Timothy Good's 'Above Top Secret' · Page 49
Timothy Good
Author of 'Above Top Secret' · Page 49
Vladimir Migouline
Member of USSR Academy of Sciences; UFO study lead · Page 49
Platov
Migouline's assistant; head of expert's group on abnormal phenomena, USSR Academy of Sciences · Page 49
Boris Sokolov
Colonel; sold ABC News collection of military investigations 1978-1988 (sold 1994) · Page 50
Senator Barry Goldwater
Cited regarding UFO files classified above top secret · Page 53
President Jimmy Carter
Cited as politician with positive UFO attitude · Page 78
General Douglas MacArthur
Cited for 1955 Naples conversation and 1962 West Point speech · Page 79
Mikhail Gorbachev
Soviet General Secretary; revealed Reagan ET invasion remark at 1985 summit · Page 79
President Ronald Reagan
Quoted regarding alien threat unifying world (UN speech Sept 21, 1987) · Page 79
Jesse Marcel
Lieutenant Colonel (ER); Roswell base intelligence officer; 1978 TV statement · Page 72
General Ramey
Commander of 8th Air Force; substituted weather balloon debris in Roswell, July 8 1947 · Page 72
General Thomas DuBose
Ramey's chief of staff in 1947; 1991 affidavit confirming substitution · Page 72
Kenneth Arnold
Pilot; June 24, 1947 sighting of nine UFOs · Page 72
Steven H. Schiff
U.S. Representative (New Mexico); requested GAO Roswell investigation · Page 72
Karl Pflock
Author 'Roswell in Perspective'; former CIA and DoD employee · Page 73
Pierre Lagrange
French sociologist · Page 73
Bertrand Meheust
Cited French sociopsychologist · Page 74
Paul Bennewitz
Ufologist physicist; Kirtland AFB recordings; subject of AFOSI disinformation · Page 74
Richard Doty
AFOSI special agent at Kirtland AFB; alleged disinformation operative · Page 74
John Lear
Son of aircraft builder; disclosed Groom Lake details · Page 75
Bill Cooper
Former Navy petty officer, 2nd Marine Division; CFR/EBE conspiracy claims · Page 75
Lincoln La Paz
Director of Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico · Page 69
Clyde Tombaugh
Discoverer of Pluto (d. 1997); UFO witness · Page 69
Georges Courtés
Marseilles astronomer; UFO witness · Page 69
Maurice Viton
Marseilles astronomer; UFO witness · Page 69
Jean-Claude Ribes
Astronomer; co-author of interstellar voyage scenario · Page 43
Guy Monnet
Astronomer; co-author of interstellar voyage scenario · Page 43
Goethe
Witness 1768 (cited) · Page 76
Bishop Agobard
Bishop of Lyons during Charlemagne's reign; saved 'celestial' kidnap victims · Page 77
Dr. John Mack
Professor of psychiatry at Harvard; abduction researcher · Page 44
Edgar Mitchell
Apollo 14 astronaut, sixth man to walk on the moon · Page 89
Willard H. Miller
U.S. Naval Reserve Commander · Page 89
Richard F. Haines
Former NASA chief of Space Human Factors Office; NARCAP Chief Scientist · Page 90
John Callahan
Former division chief, FAA Accidents and Investigations Branch · Page 90
Phil Schultz
TWA Captain; 1981 Lake Michigan UAP sighting · Page 90
Kenju Terauchi
Japan Airlines 747 Captain; 1986 Alaska encounter · Page 90
Philip Bobet
Swissair Boeing 747 pilot; 1997 Long Island near-miss · Page 90
Neil Daniels
Retired United Airlines Captain; DC-10 cockpit compass interference · Page 90
Leslie Kean
Journalist; author of attached articles · Page 87
Ricardo Bermudez Sanhuesa
General; president of Chilean CEFAA · Page 90
Brian E. Smith
Head of Aviation Safety Program at NASA-Ames · Page 90
Leonard G. Wolf
U.S. Representative (Iowa, 1960) · Page 89
R.E. Hillenkoetter
Former CIA Director and Navy Vice Admiral · Page 89
L.M. Chassin
General; NATO coordinator of Allied Air Service · Page 89
Webster Hubbell
Associate Attorney General; tasked by Clinton to investigate UFOs · Page 90
Jack Gibbons
Presidential science advisor under Clinton · Page 90
Dan Goldin
Implied addressee of Carol Rosin cover letter (NASA Administrator) · Page 2
Ventura, California, USA
Page 2
Lakenheath, United Kingdom
Page 15
Bentwaters, United Kingdom
Page 15
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Page 15
Mississippi delta, USA
Page 17
Louisiana, USA
Page 17
Dallas, Texas, USA
Page 18
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Page 18
Tehran, Iran
Page 19
Pereslavl-Zalesski, Russia
Page 20
Moscow, Russia
Page 20
San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
Page 21
Antananarivo, Madagascar
Page 21
Dijon, France
Page 22
Kapustin Yar, Russia
Page 22
Astrakhan region, Russia
Page 22
Valensole, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France
Page 24
Cussac, Cantal, France
Page 24
Trans-en-Provence, Var, France
Page 25
Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle (Amaranth case), France
COMETA (Comité d'Etudes Approfondies / Committee for In-Depth Studies)
Page 11
IHEDN Auditors Association (AA)
Page 10
GEPAN (Groupe d'Etudes des Phénomènes Aérospatiaux Non Identifiés)
Page 12
SEPRA (Service d'Expertise des Phénomènes de Rentrée Atmosphérique)
Page 12
Gendarmerie Nationale
France · Page 11
Air France Air Operations Command Center
France · Page 11
Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile (DGAC)
France · Page 11
CODA (Air Defense Operations Center, Taverny)
France · Page 14
Cinq-Mars-la-Pile control center
France · Page 14
Reims Air Navigation Control Center
France · Page 14
Northern Regional Air Navigation Center (CRNA)
France · Page 14
EMAA/BPE (Air Force Chief of Staff's Office of Planning and Studies)
France · Page 30
Sec(AS)2a (UK MOD UFO Department)
United Kingdom · Page 49
Imperial Iranian Air Force
Iran · Page 19
Project Blue Book
USAF · Page 16
Condon Commission
USAF/University of Colorado · Page 16
Robertson Committee/Panel (CIA, December 1952)
Mirage IV
aircraft (French strategic bomber) · Page 13
T-33 trainer
aircraft · Page 14
Air France Boeing (AF 3532)
aircraft · Page 14
Aerolineas Argentinas Boeing 727 (AR 674)
aircraft · Page 21
RB-47 ELINT bomber
aircraft · Page 17
F-4 Phantom (Iranian)
aircraft · Page 19
RAF Venom two-seater
aircraft · Page 16
Vampire (1951 Orange incident)
aircraft · Page 34
Mirage III
aircraft · Page 22
AWACS
aircraft (radar detection) · Page 68
Navy Hawkeye E-2
aircraft (radar) · Page 68
Belgian F-16
aircraft · Page 88
Canadair CL-227 Sea Sentinel
drone · Page 47
Sikorsky 'Cypher' surveillance drone
drone · Page 47
STRIDA (Air Defense Information Processing Center)
radar/network · Page 68
GRAVES surveillance radar
radar · Page 32
SPOC (Sky Observation Probe System)
sensor · Page 32
SOLSTICE telescope (4m, geostationary obs)
sensor · Page 32
Page 26
Paris-Lille freeway, France
Page 27
Dombes region, France
Page 28
Roswell, New Mexico, USA
Page 44
Fort Worth, Texas, USA
Page 72
Coulommiers (Seine-et-Marne), France
Page 14
Luxeuil air base, France
Page 13
Tours, France
Page 14
Tilaran range, Costa Rica
Page 9
Mount Rainier, USA
Page 75
Sweden (ghost rockets 1946)
Page 75
Detchani monastery, Yugoslavia
Page 60
Nuremberg, Germany
Page 76
Basel, Switzerland
Page 76
Groom Lake / Area 51, USA
Page 75
Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico, USA
Page 40
Pocantico (Rockefeller Bros. Fund property), USA
Page 47
Edwards Air Force Base (Air Force Astronautical Lab), USA
Page 38
Argonne National Laboratory, USA
Page 38
Soukhoumi (von Ardenne laboratory), Georgia
Page 38
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy NY, USA
Page 37
Flyingdales RAF base, United Kingdom
Page 49
Barnaul airport, Siberia, Russia
Page 93
Lake Michigan, USA
Page 90
Alaska, USA
Page 90
Long Island, USA
Page 90
St. Claire County, Illinois, USA
Page 89
Phoenix, Arizona (1997 triangle), USA
Page 89
Socorro, New Mexico, USA
Page 36
Orange (1951 Vampire incident), France
Page 34
Rennes-Nantes-Poitiers itinerary, France
Page 14
CIA · Page 74
AFOSI (Air Force Office of Special Investigation)
USAF · Page 74
Air Force Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland AFB
USAF · Page 40
Air Material Command
USAF (1947) · Page 35
8th Air Force
USAF · Page 72
NORAD
Joint US-Canada · Page 47
RAF Venom night fighter (Lakenheath)
UK RAF · Page 16
Soviet Air Defense Forces
USSR · Page 20
KGB (declassified UFO files 1991)
USSR · Page 22
Chilean Committee for the Study of Anomalous Aerial Phenomena (CEFAA)
Chile · Page 90
NARCAP (National Aviation Reporting Center for Anomalous Phenomena)
Page 92
AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
Page 44
MUFON (Mutual UFO Network)
Page 47
CUFOS (Center for UFO Research)
Page 47
FUFOR (Fund for UFO Research)
Page 47
ONERA (National Aerospace Study and Research Office)
France · Page 11
ETCA (Etablissement Technique Central de l'Armement)
France · Page 32
DGA (General Delegation for Armaments)
France · Page 32
CEA (Atomic Energy Commission)
France · Page 32
INRA (National Institute for Agronomic Research)
France · Page 26
Institute for Security and Cooperation in Outer Space
Page 2
Air Operations Command (CCOA), Taverny
France · Page 30
ORION sky surveillance system
sensor/system · Page 32
Ship Monge (listening antenna)
ship · Page 32
Sidewinder missile
weapon · Page 19
Cosmos 1900 (Soviet nuclear-powered satellite)
satellite · Page 27
IRAS (Infrared Astronomical Satellite, 1983)
satellite · Page 58
VLT (Very Large Telescope, ESO)
sensor · Page 58
Deep Space 1 probe
spacecraft · Page 38
Mir orbital station
spacecraft · Page 70
Alpha (ISS)
spacecraft · Page 70
Biosphere 2
ground · Page 71
Japan Airlines 747 (Terauchi 1986)
aircraft · Page 90
Swissair Boeing 747
aircraft · Page 90
TWA aircraft (Schultz 1981)
aircraft · Page 90
Il-76 cargo aircraft (Barnaul)
aircraft · Page 93
At a conference for graduates of the French Air Force Academy, former pilots described encounters with things they couldn’t identify in the sky. They told their stories before a large audience, not in private conversations.
The accounts prompted military personnel and experts to investigate. They did not immediately declare what the pilots had seen. Instead, they gathered testimony and examined cases that had already been explained. For them, the question was not just what the objects were, but also what to do when a pilot encounters something unfamiliar.
The conference took place in February 1995. In its wake, members of the military academy worked to establish an investigative group, with support from its alumni association. The group was called COMETA, a name meaning “committee for in-depth study.”
The group included military personnel, engineers, and experts in the natural and social sciences. It examined pilots’ accounts, reports from various locations, and cases that had already been explained. The report included a chapter on accounts from French pilots and another on cases from different countries.
The report’s authors argued that the accounts posed practical challenges for both civilian and military pilots. When a crew member sees something they cannot identify, there needs to be a way to assess the report and decide what to do. In their view, it was not enough to debate the phenomenon’s origins.
The report also addressed how accounts could be investigated. It stressed the importance of gathering facts: who saw what, what was reported, and whether similar cases had already been explained. The group called on French authorities to consider its recommendations and on France to cooperate with other countries.
The report was published in France in 1999, after the group had examined the subject. It presented the group’s findings and recommendations, going beyond the pilots’ stories.
The report does not determine the origin of the reported objects; it presents natural or human-made explanations as possibilities. The material available here does not describe a specific pilot encounter, so it is not possible to give a precise example of what a pilot saw.
The pilots described what they encountered in the sky. The question for flight crews remains: what should they do the next time someone sees something they can’t identify?